What is epididymis tuberculosis
Epididymis tuberculosis is a male reproductive system disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. It mainly invades the epididymis and may also affect the testicles, sperm cords and other parts. It is one of the common types of urogenital tuberculosis, and is often secondary to tuberculosis or other areas of tuberculosis. In recent years, with the strengthening of tuberculosis prevention and control efforts, the incidence of epididymis tuberculosis has decreased, but it still needs attention.
1. Causes and transmission pathways of epididymis tuberculosis
Epididymis tuberculosis is mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, and its transmission routes include:
| Spreads | illustrate |
|---|---|
| Bloodborne transmission | Bugnus tuberculosis spreads to the epididymis through the blood, and is commonly found in patients with tuberculosis. |
| Lymph transmission | Bugnus tuberculosis spreads to epididymis through the lymphatic system |
| Direct spread | Tuberculosis lesions in adjacent organs (such as prostate and seminal vesicles) directly invade the epididymis |
2. Clinical manifestations of epididymis tuberculosis
The clinical manifestations of epididymal tuberculosis are diverse, and there may be no obvious symptoms in the early stage. As the condition progresses, the following symptoms may appear:
| symptom | Features |
|---|---|
| Scrotal swelling | The epididymis gradually increases, has a hard texture, and can pave the nodules |
| pain | Mostly it is dull or dull pain, which can be manifested as severe pain in the acute phase |
| Urinary tract symptoms | Some patients have frequent urination, urgency, and pain in urine |
| Systemic symptoms | Symptoms of tuberculosis poisoning such as low fever, fatigue, night sweats, and weight loss |
3. Diagnostic methods for tropo tuberculosis
The diagnosis of epididymis tuberculosis requires a combination of clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and imaging examinations:
| Check items | Diagnostic value |
|---|---|
| Tuberculin Test (PPD) | Assist in the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection, but not very specific |
| Urinary tuberculosis test | Cultivation of acid-positive bacillus or tuberculosis in morning urine sediment |
| Ultrasound examination | Shows enlarged epididymis, uneven echoes, and calcification foci are visible |
| CT/MRI | Assess the extent of the lesion and surrounding tissue involvement |
| Pathological examination | Pathological examination of surgical resection specimens is the standard for diagnosis |
IV. Treatment plan for epididymis tuberculosis
The treatment of epididymis tuberculosis is mainly long-term anti-tuberculosis drug treatment, and if necessary, combined with surgical treatment:
| Treatment method | Specific measures |
|---|---|
| Drug treatment | Standard anti-tuberculosis regimen (isoniazid + rifampin + pyrazinamide + ethambutol), course of treatment 6-9 months |
| Surgical treatment | Suitable for those who have ineffective drug treatment, localized lesions or have abscesses |
| Supportive therapy | Strengthen nutrition and improve overall condition |
5. Prevention and precautions for epididymis tuberculosis
The key to preventing epididymis tuberculosis is to control the spread of tuberculosis:
1. Vaccination of BCG: routine vaccination of BCG can prevent tuberculosis
2. Timely treatment of tuberculosis: Early detection and treatment of tuberculosis can reduce the occurrence of epididymis tuberculosis
4. Improve immunity: eat a balanced diet, exercise moderately, and enhance physical fitness
5. Regular physical examination: For those with a history of tuberculosis contact, relevant examinations should be conducted regularly.
6. Related topics in recent times
Recently, the topic of epididymis sign-in has attracted attention in the field of medical and health, and the main hot topics include:
| Hot Topics | Content Overview |
|---|---|
| Drug-resistant epididymis tuberculosis | Many places report an increase in cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, making treatment difficult |
| Minimally invasive surgery | Advances in the application of laparoscopic technology in epididymis tuberculosis surgery |
| New diagnostic technology | Application of genetic testing technology (such as GeneXpert) in early diagnosis |
Although the incidence of epididymal tuberculosis is not high, it may lead to serious consequences such as male infertility. Early diagnosis and standardized treatment are important factors in improving premature. If suspicious symptoms appear, seek medical treatment in time to avoid delayed treatment.
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